供应商英文术语

supply chainA supply chain, logistics network, or supply network is a coordinated system of organizations, people, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service in physical or virtual manner from supplier to customer. The entities of a supply chain typically consist of manufacturers, service providers, distributors, sales channels (e.g. retail, ecommerce) and consumers (end customers). Supply chain activities (aka value chains or life cycle processes) transform raw materials and components into a finished product that is delivered to the end customer. Supply chain links value chains. There are a variety of supply chain models, which address both the upstream and downstream sides. The primary objective of supply chain management is to fulfill customer demands through the most efficient use of resources, including distribution capacity, inventory and labour. Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the operations of the supply chain with the purpose to satisfy customer requirements as efficiently as possible. Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point-of-origin to point-of-consumption. The term supply chain management was coined by strategy consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton in 1982. According to the (CSCMP), a professional association that developed a definition in 2004, Supply Chain Management "encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. Importantly, it also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party service providers, and customers. In essence, Supply Chain Management integrates supply and demand management within and across companies."[1] Supply chain event management (abbreviated as SCEM) is a consideration of all possible occurring events and factors that can cause a disruption in a supply chain. With SCEM possible scenarios can be created and solutions can be planned. Some experts distinguish supply chain management and logistics management, while others consider the terms to be interchangeable. From the point of view of an enterprise, the scope of supply chain management is usually bounded on the supply side by your supplier's suppliers and on the customer side by your customer's customers. Supply chain management is also a category of software products. Opportunities enabled by Supply Chain Management The following strategic and competitive areas can be used to their full advantage if a supply chain management system is properly implemented. Fulfillment. “Ensuring the right quantity of parts for production or products for sale arrive at the right time.”(Haag, Cummings, McCubbrey, et al., 2006, p. 46). This is enabled through efficient communication, ensuring that orders are placed with the appropriate amount of time available to be filled. The supply chain management system also allows a company to constantly see what is on stock and making sure that the right quantities are ordered to replace stock. Logistics. “Keeping the cost of transporting materials as low as possible consistent with safe and reliable delivery.” (Haag, Cummings, McCubbrey, et al., 2006, p. 46). Here the supply chain management system enables a company to have constant contact with its distribution team, which could consist of trucks, trains, or any other mode of transportation. The system can allow the company to track where the required materials are at all times. As well, it may be cost effective to share transportation costs with a partner company if shipments are not large enough to fill a whole truck and this again, allows the company to make this decision. Production. “Ensuring production lines function smoothly because high-quality parts are available when needed.” (Haag, Cummings, McCubbrey, et al., 2006, p. 46). Production can run smoothly as a result of fulfillment and logistics being implemented correctly. If the correct quantity is not ordered and delivered at the requested time, production will be halted, but having an effective supply chain management system in place will ensure that production can always run smoothly without delays due to ordering and transportation. Revenue & profit. “Ensuring no sales are lost because shelves are empty.”(Haag, Cummings, McCubbrey, et al., 2006, p. 46). Managing the supply chain improves a company’s flexibility to respond to unforeseen changes in demand and supply. Because of this, a company has the ability to produce goods at lower prices and distribute them to consumers quicker than companies without supply chain management thus increasing the overall profit. Costs. “Keeping the cost of purchased parts and products at acceptable levels.” (Haag, Cummings, McCubbrey, et al., 2006, p. 46). Supply chain management reduces costs by “… increasing inventory turnover on the shop floor and in the warehouse” (&ldquo Supply chain management,” 2006) controlling the quality of goods thus reducing internal and external failure costs and working with suppliers to produce the most cost efficient means of manufacturing a product. Cooperation. “Among supply chain partners ensures 'mutual success.'” (Haag, Cummings, McCubbrey, et al., 2006, p. 46). Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) is a “longer-term commitment, joint work on quality, and support by the buyer of the supplier’s managerial, technological, and capacity development.” (Klassen, Krajewski, Ritzman, 2004, p.293) This relationship allows a company to have access to current, reliable information, obtain lower inventory levels, cut lead times, enhance product quality, improve forecasting accuracy and ultimately improve customer service and overall profits. The suppliers also benefit from the cooperative relationship through increased buyer input from suggestions on improving the quality and costs and though shared savings. Consumers can benefit as well through the higher quality goods provided at a lower cost. AS/RS (Automatic Storage Retrieval System)自动存取机/系统 自动存取仓储系统WCS (Warehouse Control System)仓储控制系统 Third Party Logistics Service Provider第三方物流服务商WMS (Warehouse Management System)仓储管理系统 Operation Area理货区Bonded Warehouse国际物流中心保税仓库 Export Processing Zone加工出口区Picking拣货 Platform月台Value Added Network—VAN加值网路 Electronic Data Interchange电子资料交换EDI dry cargo干货 alternate tiers row pattern交错码放dunnage填充 assembly packaging集合包装fill rate供应比率 average inventory平均存货floor utilization percentage地面面积利用率 blockpattern row pattern整齐码放forklift truck叉车 brick pattern砌砖式码放freight container货物集装箱 buffer stock缓冲储备general cargo一般货物 cargo freight货物industrial vehicle工业车辆 carrying搬运intermodal transportation复合一贯运输 cold chain system冷冻链系统lashing捆扎加固 common carrier公共承运人load efficient装载效率 consolidation装运整合loading and unloading装卸 container terminal集装箱中转站logistical utilities物流效用 contract carrier契约承运人logistics物流 contract logistics契约物流materials handling物料搬运 cycle inventory周期存货net unit load size净单元货载尺寸 delivery配送order picking指令拣选 depalletizer托盘拆垛机order shipped complete订货完成率 devanning拆箱shed临时周转仓库 packaged cargo包装货物sorting分类 packaging包装special cargo特殊货物 pallet托盘spot stock现场储备 pallet pool system通用托盘系统stacking堆垛 palletization托盘化stockout frequency缺货频率 palletizer托盘堆垛机storage存储 palletizing pattern托盘装载方式surface utilization percentage表面利用率 pick up货物聚集third part logistics第三方物流 picking拣选作业transit inventory中转存货 pictorial marking for handling货运标识transportation运输 pinwheel pattern针轮式码放transportation package size by modular coordination运输包装系列尺寸 plan view size平面尺寸truck terminal卡车货运站 platform站台unit load单元货载 physical distribution model物流标准unit load system单元货载系统 rack货架vanning装箱 returnable container通用容器warehouse仓库 safety stock安全储备Powered Stacker自走式电动堆高机 Powered Pallet Truck电动拖板车Reach Truck前伸式电动堆高机 Order Picking Truck电动拣料车AGV无人甙彳